Evaluate Confluence today. Some SQL tools generate more efficient queries when constraints are present. This command can be used together with SHOW TRANSACTIONS. Examples are 'page_view', 'page_v*', '*view|page*', all which will match the 'page_view' view. This changes the location map for list bucketing. We recommend this configuration when you require a persistent metastore or a metastore shared by different clusters, services, applications, or AWS accounts. As of version 0.6, a rename on a managed table moves its HDFS location. Derby database can support only single active user at a time ; Derby is not recommended in production environment ; So the solution here is . You can use IF NOT EXISTS to skip the error. ALTER SCHEMA was added in Hive 0.14 (HIVE-6601). You can specify a time period to collect logs, for example, collecting logs from 2016-01-01 to 2016-01-10 You can export all table metadata from Hive to the external metastore. For more information on SerDes see: You must specify a list of columns for tables that use a native SerDe. CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW creates a view with the given name. See HIVE-11145 for details. For details on the differences between managed and external table see Managed vs. Databricks documentation, How to create table DDLs to import into an external metastore, Drop tables with corrupted metadata from the metastore, How to troubleshoot several Apache Hive metastore problems, How to set up an embedded Apache Hive metastore. Partitions can be added, renamed, exchanged (moved), dropped, or (un)archived by using the PARTITION clause in an ALTER TABLE statement, as described below. REGEXP and RLIKE are non-reserved keywords prior to Hive 2.0.0 and reserved keywords starting in Hive 2.0.0 (HIVE-11703). So, i'm able to collect table schema and table names and its location ("TBLS"), columns ("COLUMNS_V2") and table prooperties ("TABLE_PARAMS"). Wildcards in the regular expression can only be '*' for any character(s) or '|' for a choice. When dropping an EXTERNAL table, data in the table will NOT be deleted from the file system. Use the SHOW CREATE TABLE statement to generate the DDLs and store them in a file. Get Names, Location, Owner of each Database from DBS Table & Create the “Database Create” command. Matching tables are listed in alphabetical order. An error is thrown if the partition_spec for the table already exists. If set to true, then only the superusers in proxy settings have the … Hive Metastore Client. REPLACE COLUMNS can also be used to drop columns. The output is similar to that of DESCRIBE table_name. In the previous syntax, column_name appears in between table_name and partition_spec. Using the command on these latter serde types will result in error. 19. Many companies have a single Hive Metastore service instance in their production to manage all of their metadata, either Hive metadata or non-Hive metadata, as the source of truth. When you create a Hive table, the table definition (column names, data types, comments, etc.) See LanguageManual DDL#Skewed Tables above for the corresponding CREATE TABLE syntax. (Hive 4.0) All BINARY columns in the table are assumed to be base64 encoded. A table's SKEWED and STORED AS DIRECTORIES options can be changed with ALTER TABLE statements. For a view, DESCRIBE EXTENDED or FORMATTED can be used to retrieve the view's definition. The values can be number literals. Such an organization allows the user to do efficient sampling on the clustered column - in this case userid. and colon (:) yield errors on querying. (The FOR COLUMNS option of ANALYZE TABLE is available as of Hive 0.10.0.). See Type System and Hive Data Types for details about the primitive and complex data types. Once Hive 3.x Metastore is updated in CDP, we are ready to move data from 2.x to 3.x. Also see Interacting with Different Versions of Hive Metastore). This statement lets you create a function that is implemented by the class_name. As of Hive 0.12 (HIVE-4095). To revert to the default database, use the keyword "default" instead of a database name. For example, suppose your original unpartitioned table had three columns: id, date, and name. A native SerDe is used if ROW FORMAT is not specified or ROW FORMAT DELIMITED is specified. The following example creates a TSV (Tab-separated) file. is set to true (default). If the SELECT statement does not specify column aliases, the column names will be automatically assigned to _col0, _col1, and _col2 etc. ALTER TABLE ADD|REPLACE COLUMNS with CASCADE command changes the columns of a table's metadata, and cascades the same change to all the partition metadata. See LanguageManual Archiving for more information. Hence this is marked as unstable. You can do DESCRIBE EXTENDED TABLE to get this information. In some distributions, a reference to hive-hcatalog-core.jar is required. Enable escaping for the delimiter characters by using the 'ESCAPED BY' clause (such as ESCAPED BY '\') Escaping is needed if you want to work with data that can contain these delimiter characters. This statement changes the table's (or partition's) file format. The second form of the command prints only the value for the property that's being asked for. The following example shows one column with three skewed values, optionally with the STORED AS DIRECTORIES clause which specifies list bucketing. If Hive is not in local mode, then the resource location must be a non-local URI such as an HDFS location. Hi Grzegorz , I am trying to find help in multiple forums as I am not able to proceed further with my learning. TEXTFILE is the default file format, unless the configuration parameter. Use the file to import the table DDLs into the external metastore. ABORT TRANSACTIONS cleans up the specified transaction IDs from the Hive metastore so that users do not need to interact with the metastore directly in order to remove dangling or failed transactions. Table property "partition.retention.period" can now be specified for partitioned tables with a retention interval. An error is thrown if a table or view with the same name already exists. Use the SHOW CREATE TABLE statement to generate the DDLs and store them in a file. SHOW FUNCTIONS lists all the user defined and builtin functions, filtered by the the regular expression if specified with LIKE. By default, Hive comes with an embedded derby metastore; which stores the meta data and schema of Hive. Note: The view must already exist, and if the view has partitions, it could not be replaced by Alter View As Select. DROP TABLE removes metadata and data for this table. This removes the data and metadata for this partition. For another example of creating an external table, see Loading Data in the Tutorial. It helps us keep the metadata in sync with Atlas almost real-time. The above statement lets you create the same table as the previous table. When moving data from Hive 2.x to 3.x, the following approach is recommended: The … A table that supports operations with ACID semantics. If PARTITION is specified, only that partition is rebuilt. The target table cannot be a list bucketing table. The table is also partitioned and data is stored in sequence files. By default, Hive comes with an embedded derby metastore; which stores the meta data and schema of Hive. See Supporting Quoted Identifiers in Column Names for details. This SerDe treats all columns to be of type String. The function can be referenced by fully qualifying the function name (db_name.function_name), or can be referenced without qualification if the function is in the current database. 2) Run the following command on the HDInsight cluster where from you want to export the metastore: The actual location to store Hive related tables can be configured using hive.metastore.warehouse.dir property. Hive DDL(数据定义语言) Confluence Administrator创建, Janaki Lahorani修改于 2018年9月19日 原文链接 https://cwiki.apache hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth false Should metastore do authorization against database notification related APIs such as get_next_notification. Hive DDL Database Commands. The NOT SKEWED option makes the table non-skewed and turns off the list bucketing feature (since a list-bucketing table is always skewed). The CASCADE clause for NO_DROP was added in HIVE 0.8.0 (HIVE-2605). The default behavior is RESTRICT, where DROP DATABASE will fail if the database is not empty. Support for RESTRICT and CASCADE was added in Hive 0.8 (HIVE-2090). User can specify partial partition_spec for truncating multiple partitions at once and omitting partition_spec will truncate all partitions in the table. DESCRIBE SCHEMA is added in Hive 1.1.0 (HIVE-8803). SerDe : Serializer, Deserializer gives instructions to hive on how to process a record. A view's schema is frozen at the time the view is created; subsequent changes to underlying tables (e.g. RESTRICT is the default, limiting column change only to table metadata. Note: Please use hr >= 10  instead of hr - 10 >= 0   to filter the results, as Metastore would not push the latter predicate down into the underlying storage. See, Reserved keywords are permitted as identifiers if you quote them as described in, There are two ways if the user still would like to use those reserved keywords as identifiers: (1) use quoted identifiers, (2) set, TBLPROPERTIES ("compactorthreshold.hive.compactor.delta.num.threshold"=", TBLPROPERTIES ("compactorthreshold.hive.compactor.delta.pct.threshold"=", TBLPROPERTIES ("EXTERNAL"="TRUE") in release 0.6.0+ (, TBLPROPERTIES ("external.table.purge"="true") in release 4.0.0+ (, Stored as plain text files. It does not change the locations associated with any tables/partitions under the specified database. The optional LIKE clause allows the list of databases to be filtered using a regular expression. If no column names are supplied, the names of the view's columns will be derived automatically from the defining SELECT expression. Hive metastore client - getting last DDL timestamp. The CASCADE|RESTRICT clause is available in Hive 1.1.0. All rights reserved. Note you will need to enter this article ID # into the corresponding Bugzilla field meant for the purpose. You can add columns/partitions, change SerDe, add table and SerDe properties, or rename the table itself. Being able to select data from one table to another is one of the most powerful features of Hive. This statement lists metadata for a given partition. In this case, the type conversion and normalization are not enabled for the column values in old partition_spec even with property hive.typecheck.on.insert set to true (default) which allows you to specify any legacy data in form of string in the old partition_spec. It is used to build or modify the tables and other objects in the database. It can be used with metastore.warehouse.tenant.colocation to have it point to a directory outside the warehouse root directory to have a tenant based common root where quotas and other policies can be set. Use the SERDE clause to create a table with a custom SerDe. After you have defined one or more catalogs to use with Athena, you can reference those catalogs in your aws athena DDL and DML commands. Stored as plain text file in JSON format. Databricks supports using external metastores instead of the default Hive metastore. How do you get a timestamp in JavaScript? The names of the materialized view's columns will be derived automatically from the defining SELECT expression. Table and column comments are string literals (single-quoted). You can use aws athena CLI commands to manage the Hive metastore data catalogs that you use with Athena. You can use ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION to add partitions to a table. SHOW COLUMNS lists all the columns in the table with names matching the optional regular expression. You can export all table metadata from Hive to the external metastore. See CREATE INDEX in the Indexes design document. The uses of SCHEMA and DATABASE are interchangeable – they mean the same thing. Impala organizes these statements in a way intended to be familiar to people familiar with relational databases or data warehouse products. RegExROW FORMAT SERDE'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("input.regex" = "")STORED AS TEXTFILE; Stored as plain text file, translated by Regular Expression. Hive Commands : Data Definition Language (DDL ) DDL statements are used to build and modify the tables and other objects in the database. ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN CASCADE clause will override the table partition's column metadata regardless of the table or partition's protection mode. For materialized views, DESCRIBE EXTENDED or FORMATTED provides additional information on whether rewriting is enabled and whether the given materialized view is considered to be up-to-date for automatic rewriting with respect to the data in the source tables that it uses. When Hive transactions are being used, SHOW LOCKS returns this information (see HIVE-6460): SHOW CONF returns a description of the specified configuration property. With this table property, "MSCK REPAIR TABLE table_name SYNC PARTITIONS" is no longer required to be run manually. For managed partitioned tables, "discover.partitions" table property can be manually added. Remove SerDe Properties is supported as of Hive 4.0.0 (HIVE-21952). This behaviour is analogous to how changing a table-directory does not move existing partitions to a different location. (It is illegal to use DROP TABLE on a view.). This functionality was removed in Hive 2.0.0. In Hive 0.13 or later, functions can be registered to the metastore, so they can be referenced in a query without having to create a temporary function each session. DESCRIBE DATABASE shows the name of the database, its comment (if one has been set), and its root location on the filesystem. External Tables. Here's an example statement to create a partitioned table: The statement above creates the page_view table with viewTime, userid, page_url, referrer_url, and ip columns (including comments). Before creating, it checks whether the metastore exists or not, and this metastore property is defined in the configuration file, hive-site.xml. You can export all table metadata from Hive to the external metastore. Creation timestamp and last update timestamp with Hibernate and MySQL. Any DDL tasks are also performed by connecting to the metastore. HiveServer2 - As you can see for JDBC/ODBC communication Hive has… REPLACE COLUMNS removes all existing columns and adds the new set of columns. If partition is present, it will output the given partition's file system information instead of table's file system information. MapR or Open Source Bug ID. Macros exist for the duration of the current session. Also, it may be useful later if we incorporate reliable last modified times. As of Hive 0.14 (HIVE-8411), users are able to provide a partial partition spec for certain above alter column statements, similar to dynamic partitioning. The column change command will only modify Hive's metadata, and will not modify data. Hence this is marked as unstable. By default, materialized views are enabled to be used by the query optimizer for automatic rewriting when they are created. ANALYZE TABLE table_name COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR COLUMNS will compute column statistics for all columns in the specified table (and for all partitions if the table is partitioned). That is, a metadata update via Hive that is yet to be picked up by Big SQL. IGNORE PROTECTION is no longer available in versions 2.0.0 and later. Big SQL is unaware of these DDL operations and therefore the catalog potentially falls out of sync with the Hive metastore. CREATE VIEW creates a view with the given name. To watch the progress of the compaction, use SHOW COMPACTIONS. TBLPROPERTIES ("immutable"="true") or ("immutable"="false") in release 0.13.0+ (, TBLPROPERTIES ("orc.compress"="ZLIB") or ("orc.compress"="SNAPPY") or ("orc.compress"="NONE") and other ORC properties – see, TBLPROPERTIES ("transactional"="true") or ("transactional"="false") in release 0.14.0+, the default is "false" – see, TBLPROPERTIES ("NO_AUTO_COMPACTION"="true") or ("NO_AUTO_COMPACTION"="false"), the default is "false" – see, TBLPROPERTIES ("compactor.mapreduce.map.memory.mb"=", To specify a database for the table, either issue the. The STORED AS DIRECTORIES option determines whether a skewed table uses the list bucketing feature, which creates subdirectories for skewed values. For changing metadata, see ALTER VIEW. Wildcards in the regular expression can only be '*' for any character(s) or '|' for a choice. Note that SHOW CONF does not show the current value of a configuration property. It only changes the default parent-directory where new tables will be added for this database. Starting with Hive 4.0 (HIVE-23183) the TABLE token is optional, previous versions required it. In Hive 0.13 and later, column names can contain any, To revert to pre-0.13.0 behavior and restrict column names to alphanumeric and underscore characters, set the configuration property. When Hive Metastore Service (HMS) is started in remote service mode, a background thread (PartitionManagementTask) gets scheduled periodically every 300s (configurable via metastore.partition.management.task.frequency config) that looks for tables with "discover.partitions" table property set to true and performs msck repair in sync mode. Specify a value for the key hive.metastore.warehouse.dir in the Hive config file hive-site.xml. adding a column) will not be reflected in the view's schema. Rename has been changed as of version 2.2.0 (HIVE-14909) so that a managed table's HDFS location is moved only if the table is created without a LOCATION clause and under its database directory. Refer to the Types part of the User Guide for the allowable column types. Running MapReduce task. The pre-0.13.0 behavior can be used by setting hive.support.quoted.identifiers to none, in which case backticked names are interpreted as regular expressions. Hive includes support for UNIQUE, NOT NULL, DEFAULT and CHECK constraints. 4225. Delta Lake store those status inside the transaction log. You can create tables with a custom SerDe or using a native SerDe. Add the following configuration into hive-site.xml file. Related. Views are read-only and may not be used as the target of LOAD/INSERT/ALTER. Originally, the file format for views was hard coded as SequenceFile. We recommend this configuration when you require a persistent metastore or a metastore shared by different clusters, services, applications, or AWS accounts. Using the AWS CLI to Manage Hive Metastore Catalogs Registering a Catalog: create-data-catalog Automatically discovers and synchronizes the metadata of the partition in Hive Metastore. The CREATE part of the CTAS takes the resulting schema from the SELECT part and creates the target table with other table properties such as the SerDe and storage format. HiveQL DDL statements are documented here, including: PARTITION statements are usually options of TABLE statements, except for SHOW PARTITIONS. To use the SerDe, specify the fully qualified class name org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.OpenCSVSerde. The PARTITION clause is available in Hive 0.14.0 and later; see Upgrading Pre-Hive 0.13.0 Decimal Columns for usage. This functionality is replaced by using one of the several security options available with Hive (see SQL Standard Based Hive Authorization). How can one change the timestamp of an old commit in Git? For current property settings, use the "set" command in the CLI or a HiveQL script (see Commands) or in Beeline (see Beeline Hive Commands). You can use IF NOT EXISTS to skip the error. In Hive 0.7.0 or later, DROP returns an error if the table doesn't exist, unless IF EXISTS is specified or the configuration variable hive.exec.drop.ignorenonexistent is set to true. Should I use the datetime or timestamp data type in MySQL? To check which database is currently being used: SELECT current_database() (as of Hive 0.13.0). The above CTAS statement creates the target table new_key_value_store with the schema (new_key DOUBLE, key_value_pair STRING) derived from the results of the SELECT statement. It only changes the default parent-directory where new tables will be added for this database. The compiler communicates with the Hive metastore which contains the schema for the data. This statement lets you move the data in a partition from a table to another table that has the same schema and does not already have that partition. See this for more details about transactional tables. In one of my previous post, I showed how to configure Apache Hive 3.0.0 in Windows 10. Recall that, by default, materialized views are enabled for rewriting at creation time. The uses of SCHEMA and DATABASE are interchangeable – they mean the same thing. The table created by CTAS is atomic, meaning that the table is not seen by other users until all the query results are populated. We wanted to make sure our data governance solution is always consistent with what is available on the cluster. SHOW INDEXES shows all of the indexes on a certain column, as well as information about them: index name, table name, names of the columns used as keys, index table name, index type, and comment. Hive, and other execution engines, use this data at runtime to determine how to parse, authorize, and efficiently execute user queries. Apache, Apache Spark, Spark, and the Spark logo are trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation. Delta Lake is an open-source storage layer that brings ACID transactions to Apache Spark™ and big data workloads. Documentation is based on original documentation at, The CSVSerde has been built and tested against Hive 0.14 and later, and uses, is specified, the table data does not go to the .Trash/Current directory and so cannot be retrieved in the event of a mistaken DROP. Recovers all the partitions in the directory of a table and updates the Hive metastore. CREATE DATABASE was added in Hive 0.6 (HIVE-675). This statement lets you move the data in a partition from a table to another table that has the same schema and does not already have that partition. Hive DDL operations. ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN with CASCADE command changes the columns of a table's metadata, and cascades the same change to all the partition metadata. For information about DDL in HCatalog and WebHCat, see: Powered by a free Atlassian Confluence Open Source Project License granted to Apache Software Foundation. By default Hive creates managed tables, where files, metadata and statistics are managed by internal Hive processes. Turn on suggestions. In the example above, the page_view table is bucketed (clustered by) userid and within each bucket the data is sorted in increasing order of viewTime. It no longer accepts DOT separated table_name and column_name. This bug is fixed in Hive 0.13.0 by making index names case-insensitive for all HiveQL statements. Moreover, Hive Metastore can be used independently from Hive Framework itself and it is used by other tools in Hadoop ecosystem. See HIVE-874 and HIVE-17824 for more details. Beside UNIQUE all three type of constraints are enforced. For general information about SerDes, see Hive SerDe in the Developer Guide. DROP TEMPORARY MACRO returns an error if the function doesn't exist, unless IF EXISTS is specified. AND WAIT" may be specified to have the operation block until compaction completes. In Hive 0.12 and earlier, only alphanumeric and underscore characters are allowed in table and column names. Alter table statements enable you to change the structure of an existing table. Refer to the SerDe documentation and Hive SerDe in the Developer Guide for more information, and see LanguageManual DDL#Row Format, Storage Format, and SerDe above for details about setting a table's SerDe and SERDEPROPERTIES in a CREATE TABLE statement. Article Type. Solved: I am trying to figure out how to query table and column comments (descriptions) in HIVE Metastore. Currently last_modified_user, last_modified_time properties are automatically added and managed by Hive. Use the file to import the table DDLs into the external metastore. By giving the configured batch size for the property hive.msck.repair.batch.size it can run in the batches internally. Hive 2.1.0 (HIVE-13736) made views follow the same defaults as tables and indexes using the hive.default.fileformat and hive.default.fileformat.managed properties. Use hive.msck.path.validation setting on the client to alter this behavior; "skip" will simply skip the directories. The metastore service communicates with the metastore database over JDBC (configured using the javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL property). The syntax is similar to that for CREATE VIEW and the effect is the same as for CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW. As of HIVE-2573, creating permanent functions in one Hive CLI session may not be reflected in HiveServer2 or other Hive CLI sessions, if they were started before the function was created. More information about materialized view support and usage in Hive can be found here. ADD COLUMNS lets you add new columns to the end of the existing columns but before the partition columns. 000002856. You can now define Delta tables in the Hive metastore and use the table name in all SQL operations when creating (or replacing) tables. HiveServer2, HCatalog, Impala, and other processes communicate with it using the Thrift network API (configured using the hive.metastore.uris property). Documentation is based on original documentation at https://github.com/ogrodnek/csv-serde. In Hive 0.10.0 and earlier, no distinction is made between partition columns and non-partition columns while displaying columns for DESCRIBE TABLE. In case of a very large hive database, this bridge can also establish a JDBC connection to the Hive Metastore server (see all parameter names starting with Metastore) in order to accelerate the extraction of the physical metadata. Create or Replace Tables Use with discretion. The Hive connector detects metastore events and transmits them to Snowflake to keep the external tables synchronized with the Hive metastore. HCatalog is built on top of the Hive metastore and incorporates the Hive’s DDL. The ALTER DATABASE ... SET LOCATION statement does not move the contents of the database's current directory to the newly specified location. It also shows additional information about the materialized view, e.g., whether rewriting is enabled, and the refresh mode for the materialized view. Send us feedback Apache Hive 3.0.0 Installation on Windows 10 Step by Step Guide I didn’t configure Hive metastore thus by default Hive will use embedded mode for metastore. Get the Hive DDL from the source metastore. This can be done only for tables with a native SerDe (DynamicSerDe, MetadataTypedColumnsetSerDe, LazySimpleSerDe and ColumnarSerDe). When a query references a view, the view's definition is evaluated in order to produce a set of rows for further processing by the query. Currently, Hive SerDes and UDFs are based on Hive 1.2.1, and Spark SQL can be connected to different versions of Hive Metastore (from 0.12.0 to 2.3.3. Simple Complex. You can use this function in Hive queries as long as the session lasts. Prior to Hive 0.13.0 DESCRIBE did not accept backticks (`) surrounding table identifiers, so DESCRIBE could not be used for tables with names that matched reserved keywords (HIVE-2949 and HIVE-6187). How can one change the timestamp of an old commit in Git? The metastore service communicates with the metastore database over JDBC (configured using the javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL property). If you use Azure Database for MySQL as an external metastore, you must change the value of the lower_case_table_names property from 1 (the default) to 2 in the server-side database configuration. That is, every query specifying a partition will always use only the first partition. If PURGE is specified, the partition data does not go to the .Trash/Current directory and so cannot be retrieved in the event of a mistaken DROP: The purge option can also be specified with the table property auto.purge (see TBLPROPERTIES above). (Comments are not automatically inherited from underlying columns.). In Hive release 3.0.0 this command was added to let the user sync serde stored schema information to metastore. Its recommended that MANAGEDLOCATION be within metastore.warehouse.dir so all managed tables have a common root where common governance policies. At eBay, the hive metastore listener is helping us in two ways: 1. Users can add their own properties to this list. partition name (if the table is partitioned), "acquired" – the requestor holds the lock, "waiting" – the requestor is waiting for the lock, "aborted" – the lock has timed out but has not yet been cleaned up, Id of the lock blocking this one, if this lock is in "waiting" state, "exclusive" – no one else can hold the lock at the same time (obtained mostly by DDL operations such as drop table), "shared_read" – any number of other shared_read locks can lock the same resource at the same time (obtained by reads; confusingly, an insert operation also obtains a shared_read lock), "shared_write" – any number of shared_read locks can lock the same resource at the same time, but no other shared_write locks are allowed (obtained by update and delete), ID of the transaction this lock is associated with, if there is one, last time the holder of this lock sent a heartbeat indicating it was still alive, the time the lock was acquired, if it has been acquired, machine where the transaction was started, timestamp when the transaction was started (as of, "CompactionId" - unique internal id (As of, "Partition" - partition name (if the table is partitioned), "Type" - whether it is a major or minor compaction. Using Amazon EMR version 5.8.0 or later, you can configure Hive to use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as its metastore. will remove column 'c' from test_change's schema. For tables that are protected by NO_DROP CASCADE, you can use the predicate IGNORE PROTECTION to drop a specified partition or set of partitions (for example, when splitting a table between two Hadoop clusters): The above command will drop that partition regardless of protection stats.

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